Migracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e ndjeshme: frika nga migrimi i pakontrolluar dominon debatin publik. Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz harrojn\u00eb se dikur edhe miliona gjerman\u00eb emigruan n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb jete m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cAta po vijn\u00eb me turma dhe nuk do ta pranojn\u00eb kurr\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn apo zakonet tona\u2026 S\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb na tejkalojn\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr\u2026 dhe madje edhe qeveria jon\u00eb do t\u00eb tronditet.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mund t\u00eb mendohet se k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7muese p\u00ebr refugjat\u00ebt dhe azilk\u00ebrkuesit vijn\u00eb nga radh\u00ebt e partis\u00eb populiste t\u00eb djatht\u00eb AfD (Alternativa p\u00ebr Gjermanin\u00eb). Por ata q\u00eb k\u00ebtu akuzohen r\u00ebnd\u00eb si njer\u00ebz q\u00eb refuzojn\u00eb integrimin jan\u00eb gjerman\u00ebt. K\u00ebt\u00eb gjykim t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr n\u00eb shekullin e 18-t\u00eb e dha Benjamin Franklin, nj\u00eb nga et\u00ebrit themelues t\u00eb Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Ai ishte gjithashtu nj\u00eb nga autor\u00ebt e Deklarat\u00ebs s\u00eb Pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, ku thuhet se: \u201c\u2026 t\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb krijuar t\u00eb barabart\u00eb dhe se Krijuesi i tyre u ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb disa t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb patjet\u00ebrsueshme, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb jeta, liria dhe k\u00ebrkimi i lumturis\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n
Pik\u00ebrisht ky k\u00ebrkim p\u00ebr lumturi dhe nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb ka shtyr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb shekujve njer\u00ebz t\u00eb panum\u00ebrt t\u2019i kthejn\u00eb shpin\u00ebn vendlindjes s\u00eb tyre. Arratisja nga lufta, shtypja politike dhe diskriminimi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb fes\u00eb, prejardhjes apo orientimit seksual i ka detyruar njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb largohen, ashtu si edhe katastrofat natyrore, varf\u00ebria dhe mungesa e perspektiv\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
\u201cPrandajmigracioni nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak nj\u00eb fenomen modern, por nj\u00eb gjendje normale e ekzistenc\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore\u201d, pohon historiani dhe studiuesi i migracionit Jochen Oltmer. Q\u00eb nga koha kur njeriu modern anatomikisht u largua nga Afrika rreth 100.000 deri n\u00eb 120.000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn, migracioni ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e historis\u00eb s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit.<\/p>\n
Numri i gjerman\u00ebve q\u00eb emigruan n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb Franklin-it ishte ende i kufizuar. Deri n\u00eb vitin 1820 b\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm 150.000 persona. Shpesh ata t\u00ebrhiqeshin nga bashkatdhetar\u00eb q\u00eb tregonin histori t\u00eb supozuara suksesi dhe vler\u00ebsonin pasurin\u00eb e fituar shpejt. Ajo q\u00eb shumica nuk e dinte ishte se k\u00ebta rekrutues merrnin shp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr \u00e7do emigrant q\u00eb bindnin.<\/p>\n
Sot do t\u00eb flisnim p\u00ebr kontrabandist\u00eb njer\u00ebzish, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u premtojn\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm mrekulli. Edhe udh\u00ebtimet e rrezikshme me varka t\u00eb mbingarkuara kujtojn\u00eb koh\u00ebt e hershme.<\/p>\n
\u201cKalimi me nj\u00eb anije me vela kushtonte af\u00ebrsisht sa paga vjetore e nj\u00eb zanat\u00e7iu\u201d, shpjegon Simone Blaschka nga Muzeu Gjerman i Emigracionit n\u00eb Bremerhaven. \u201cP\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrballuar k\u00ebt\u00eb, familjet duhej t\u00eb shisnin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pasurin\u00eb e tyre.\u201d<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim drejt s\u00eb panjohur\u00ebs<\/p>\n
Shumica nuk e imagjinonte se \u00e7far\u00eb i priste gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit shum\u00ebmujor. N\u00ebn kuvert\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit rrinin t\u00eb grumbulluar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngushta, t\u00eb torturuar nga pleshtat, insektet dhe minjt\u00eb. Ushqimi p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej kryesisht nga biskota t\u00eb forta detare, mish i kripur dhe qull i prishur, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me uj\u00eb t\u00eb ndenjur e shpesh t\u00eb ndotur.<\/p>\n
Shum\u00eb persona s\u00ebmureshin nga dizenteria, tifoja, lia dhe skorbuti. N\u00eb librin e tij \u201cUdh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Pensilvani n\u00eb vitin 1750\u201d, m\u00ebsuesi dhe organisti Gottlieb Mittelberger p\u00ebrshkroi p\u00ebrvojat e tij:<\/p>\n
\u201cShum\u00eb njer\u00ebz qajn\u00eb, psher\u00ebtijn\u00eb dhe b\u00ebrtasin me mall p\u00ebr atdheun e tyre. Pastaj shumic\u00ebn e pushton mall\u00ebngjimi p\u00ebr sht\u00ebpin\u00eb dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mjerim qindra njer\u00ebz vdesin dhe hidhen n\u00eb det.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sapo mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, shumica e bashk\u00ebudh\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tij u shit\u00ebn praktikisht n\u00eb ankand. K\u00ebta ishin njer\u00ebz pa mjete financiare, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kishin udh\u00ebtuar falas n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb angazhimit p\u00ebr vite t\u00eb t\u00ebra pune t\u00eb detyruar p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer borxhin. N\u00eb SHBA k\u00ebto kontrata shiteshin, familjet ndaheshin dhe prind\u00ebrit shpesh detyroheshin t\u00eb shisnin f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, nj\u00eb val\u00eb tjet\u00ebr e madhe emigrimi mori drejtimin lindor. Emigrant\u00ebt iu p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn thirrjes s\u00eb caresh\u00ebs ruse Katerina e Madhe, e cila vet\u00eb kishte prejardhje gjermane.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb 22 korrik 1763 ajo publikoi nj\u00eb manifest, me t\u00eb cilin ftonte njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrnguleshin n\u00eb Rusi. Q\u00ebllimi ishte zhvillimi i zonave t\u00eb pabanuara. Ajo premtoi transport falas, tok\u00eb pa pages\u00eb, vite pa taksa, p\u00ebrjashtim nga sh\u00ebrbimi ushtarak, arsim dhe nj\u00eb status t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb politik. Kjo u mund\u00ebsonte emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb ruanin gjuh\u00ebn gjermane dhe nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb vet\u00ebqeverisjeje.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb shekullin e 19-t\u00eb Amerika u b\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri destinacioni m\u00eb i d\u00ebshiruar.<\/p>\n
\u201cPopullsia e Gjermanis\u00eb pothuajse u dyfishua gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb imagjinohet presioni n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs\u201d, thot\u00eb Simone Blaschka.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj pati korrje t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe uri. \u201cNjer\u00ebzit nuk shihnin t\u00eb ardhme as p\u00ebr veten dhe as p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e tyre dhe vendos\u00ebn t\u00eb emigronin.\u201d<\/p>\n
Rreth gjasht\u00eb milion\u00eb gjerman\u00eb u nis\u00ebn drejt Bot\u00ebs s\u00eb Re, t\u00eb nxitur edhe nga libri i W. E. Eggerling \u201cP\u00ebrshkrim i shkurt\u00ebr i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Veriore\u201d, botuar n\u00eb vitin 1832, ku ai shkruante:<\/p>\n
\u201cNjeriu i ndersh\u00ebm, i zgjuar dhe pun\u00ebtor nuk jeton askund aq mir\u00eb, aq lirsh\u00ebm dhe aq i lumtur sa n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb; edhe m\u00eb i varfri jeton m\u00eb mir\u00eb se dikush n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb q\u00eb q\u00ebndron dy shkall\u00eb m\u00eb lart n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.\u201d<\/p>\n
Migracioni: barr\u00eb apo pasuri?
\nGjerman\u00ebt nuk ishin aspak t\u00eb vetmit q\u00eb largoheshin nga vendlindja.<\/p>\n
\u201cNga fillimi i shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb deri n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me af\u00ebrsisht 60 milion\u00eb evropian\u00eb q\u00eb u larguan nga kontinenti\u201d, thot\u00eb Oltmer.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb mesin e shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb situata ndryshoi. Evropa u shnd\u00ebrrua nga nj\u00eb kontinent emigrimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontinent imigrimi.<\/p>\n
\u201cPyetja n\u00ebse migracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb barr\u00eb apo pasuri lidhet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me zhvillimin ekonomik dhe tregun e pun\u00ebs. N\u00ebse pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb jan\u00eb pozitive, edhe q\u00ebndrimi ndaj migracionit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb pozitiv. N\u00ebse pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb jan\u00eb negative, b\u00ebhet m\u00eb negativ edhe q\u00ebndrimi ndaj migrant\u00ebve.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u201cTrenat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve mysafir\u00eb\u201d
\nN\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb viteve 1950 dhe 1960, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb bumit ekonomik, e ardhmja dukej plot shpres\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Duke filluar nga viti 1956, t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201ctrenat e pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve mysafir\u00eb\u201d ndaleshin n\u00eb stacionet e Shtutgartit, Dortmundit apo K\u00eblnit. N\u00eb to udh\u00ebtonin italian\u00eb, grek\u00eb, spanjoll\u00eb, portugez\u00eb, jugosllav\u00eb dhe turq, t\u00eb joshur nga premtimet p\u00ebr vende pune t\u00eb paguara mir\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Deri n\u00eb ndalimin e rekrutimit n\u00eb vitin 1973, rreth 14 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz erdh\u00ebn n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore si \u201cpun\u00ebtor\u00eb mysafir\u00eb\u201d (Gastarbeiter). Rreth tre milion\u00eb prej tyre q\u00ebndruan p\u00ebrgjithmon\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Premisa e gabuar: \u201cNe nuk jemi vend imigrimi\u201d
\nMegjithat\u00eb, Gjermania nuk e konsideronte veten nj\u00eb vend imigrimi.<\/p>\n
\u201cP\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb mbizot\u00ebroi ideja se pavar\u00ebsisht pse njer\u00ebzit kishin ardhur n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn Federale, ata nuk i p\u00ebrkisnin shoq\u00ebris\u00eb gjermane, sepse gjithsesi do t\u00eb largoheshin nj\u00eb dit\u00eb\u201d, shpjegon Oltmer.<\/p>\n
\u201cDhe meq\u00eb do t\u00eb largoheshin, nuk shihej asnj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u kujdesur p\u00ebr ta.\u201d<\/p>\n
Sipas Zyr\u00ebs Federale t\u00eb Statistikave, n\u00eb vitin 2025 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 30 p\u00ebr qind e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb kishte prejardhje migracioni.<\/p>\n
Fakti q\u00eb shum\u00eb nga brezat e dyt\u00eb, t\u00eb tret\u00eb apo t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt ende nuk ndihen plot\u00ebsisht pjes\u00eb e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb lidhet me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si shoq\u00ebria prit\u00ebse e ka par\u00eb procesin e integrimit.<\/p>\n
\u201cPranimi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i kufizuar; dhe n\u00ebse ka ekzistuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t\u00eb fitohet me shum\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje.\u201d<\/p>\n
Kush \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00ebpritur dhe kush jo?
\nSot Gjermania p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb kualifikuar, nd\u00ebrsa refugjat\u00ebve u jep azil vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse p\u00ebrndiqen politikisht ose ikin nga luft\u00ebrat.<\/p>\n
Si studiues i migracionit, Jochen Oltmer merret shpesh me pyetjen pse disa migrant\u00eb pranohen m\u00eb leht\u00eb se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Kjo pyetje u shtrua edhe n\u00eb vitin 2015, kur shum\u00eb refugjat\u00eb mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Gjermani.<\/p>\n
\u201cU tha: \u2018Ju njer\u00ebz nga Siria, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luft\u00ebs civile keni t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtje.\u2019 Por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb shoq\u00ebria u thoshte njer\u00ebzve nga Afganistani: \u2018N\u00eb rastin tuaj jemi disi m\u00eb skeptik\u00eb.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n
Migracioni dhe azili vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb tema t\u00eb nxehta politike n\u00eb Gjermani dhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera evropiane.<\/p>\n
Oltmer mendon se politika duhet ta drejtoj\u00eb dhe moderoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb debat.<\/p>\n
Sipas tij, azili p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vet\u00ebm rreth 10 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb migracionit drejt Gjermanis\u00eb. Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e migracionit nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me largimin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luft\u00ebs apo p\u00ebrndjekjes.<\/p>\n
\u201cKjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se kur krijohen skandale dhe prodhohen imazhe negative, kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb shtremb\u00ebrim masiv t\u00eb debatit.\u201d<\/p>\n
Pasardh\u00ebsit e emigrant\u00ebve gjerman\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Benjamin Franklin dikur i quajti me p\u00ebr\u00e7mim \u201cfshatar\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb nga Pfalzi\u201d, tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb integruar plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb amerikane.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa integrimi n\u00eb Republik\u00ebn Federale t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb ka ecur m\u00eb ngadal\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cKemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb vones\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d, thot\u00eb Oltmer. \u201cP\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz nuk ekziston mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar statusin e tyre dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb leje q\u00ebndrimi t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, megjith\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e din\u00eb se ata mund dhe do t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n
Prandaj, sipas tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria gjermane t\u00eb ulet dhe t\u00eb diskutoj\u00eb seriozisht se si duhet t\u00eb duket Gjermania e s\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n
\u201cKjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb zhvillohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme brenda grupit t\u00ebnd. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb debat i ashp\u00ebr dhe madje i dhimbsh\u00ebm. Por nuk ka rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr.\u201d \/DW<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Migracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb e ndjeshme: frika nga migrimi i pakontrolluar dominon debatin publik. Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz harrojn\u00eb se dikur edhe miliona gjerman\u00eb emigruan n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb nj\u00eb jete m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. \u201cAta po vijn\u00eb me turma dhe nuk do ta pranojn\u00eb kurr\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn apo zakonet tona\u2026 S\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb na tejkalojn\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr\u2026 dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98929\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}