Nga Auron Tare<\/p>\n
Vite t\u00eb shkuara u ndodha n\u00eb Universitetin e \u00c7ikagos, nj\u00eb universitet me nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb madh n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb universitet ligj\u00ebronte nj\u00eb prej linguist\u00ebve t\u00eb shquar dhe albanolog\u00ebve t\u00eb njohur, Prof. Viktor Freedman, i cili m\u00eb kishte ftuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb prezantuar historin\u00eb e Butrintit dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet q\u00eb b\u00ebheshin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e tij.<\/p>\n
Mbaj mend se, pas nj\u00eb dreke n\u00eb sall\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr ku profesor\u00ebt mblidheshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb biseduar me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, mora pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb or\u00eb m\u00ebsimi t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Instituti i Gjuh\u00ebve Orientale n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb universitet t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm amerikan kishte, p\u00ebr \u00e7udin\u00eb time, nj\u00eb klas\u00eb ku m\u00ebsohej shqip dhe, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 gjuh\u00ebs, edhe historia e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Diku rreth dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb student\u00eb amerikan\u00eb m\u00ebsonin shqip dhe njiheshin me historin\u00eb e vendit ton\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Pas prezantimit tim, dy dit\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb nj\u00eb sall\u00eb plot me student\u00eb dhe staf akademik, mikprit\u00ebsit e mi m\u00eb sugjeruan t\u00eb merrja pjes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb leksion mbi Luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
\u201cSi person i ardhur nga Butrinti, apo \u2018Troja e re\u2019, duhet patjet\u00ebr ta d\u00ebgjosh k\u00ebt\u00eb leksion\u201d, m\u00eb than\u00eb, paksa me shaka, por edhe si nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb histori t\u00eb famshme.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb posht\u00eb, bazuar n\u00eb disa sh\u00ebnime q\u00eb mbajta at\u00ebher\u00eb dhe q\u00eb i kam ende n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn time, mund t\u00eb sjell disa shpjegime q\u00eb m\u00eb duken me mjaft interes p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb debatuesit e zjarrt\u00eb q\u00eb, pas shfaqjes s\u00eb filmit t\u00eb fundit \u201cOdisea\u201d, e kthyen debatin n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrleshje t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr nacionaliste.<\/p>\n
Leksioni n\u00eb Universitetin e \u00c7ikagos dhe historia e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, e d\u00ebgjuar n\u00eb sall\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij universiteti t\u00eb njohur, larg atmosfer\u00ebs mbyt\u00ebse t\u00eb Ballkanit, ishte p\u00ebr mua nj\u00eb prej eksperiencave m\u00eb interesante.<\/p>\n
Ligj\u00ebruesi, i cili kishte kryer g\u00ebrmime arkeologjike n\u00eb Troje dhe p\u00ebrreth saj prej vitesh, e zb\u00ebrtheu ligj\u00ebrat\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme. M\u00eb posht\u00eb po risjell ato q\u00eb ai shpjegonte.<\/p>\n
Periudha q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb risjellim sot n\u00eb diskutimin mbi historin\u00eb e Troj\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb kihet parasysh se zhvillohet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet Periudha e Bronzit t\u00eb Von\u00eb, af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb shekujt XIII\u2013XI para Krishtit.<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb mendohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar sot shtrihet n\u00eb bregdetin e Anadollit, n\u00eb Turqin\u00eb e sotme.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e Bronzit, n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb sot njihet si Greqia dhe n\u00eb territorin e Turqis\u00eb s\u00eb sotme, vepronin dy bot\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme politike e kulturore: Mikenasit dhe Hitit\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Dim\u00eb se Troja kishte nj\u00eb mbret, Priamin.<\/p>\n
Dim\u00eb se Priami kishte disa djem, nd\u00ebr ta nj\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm: Parisi, emri i t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn homerike \u00ebsht\u00eb Aleksand\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Sipas tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb njohur, Aleksand\u00ebr\/Parisi d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb qytetin e Miken\u00ebs, ku sundonte Menelau, qytet q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb lidhet me Spart\u00ebn. Ai ishte pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb lloj \u201cdelegacioni diplomatik dhe tregtar\u201d.<\/p>\n
Sipas k\u00ebrkimeve dhe botimeve arkeologjike, Mikenasit dhe Hitit\u00ebt kishin shk\u00ebmbime tregtare me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Qeramika mikene \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb rr\u00ebnojat e Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Sipas ngjarjes q\u00eb njohim nga tradita epike, Menelau ishte martuar me nj\u00eb nga grat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb bukura t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, Helen\u00ebn. Pas takimit me delegacionin, ai udh\u00ebton n\u00eb Kret\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb takuar mbretin e saj.<\/p>\n
Pas kthimit t\u00eb Menelaut n\u00eb qytet, ai m\u00ebson se Helena \u00ebsht\u00eb larguar me Aleksand\u00ebr\/Parisin. Sipas versionit t\u00eb Mikenasve, ajo u rr\u00ebmbye; sipas versionit tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs, ajo iku me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e saj.<\/p>\n
Menelau shkon te i v\u00ebllai, Agamemnoni, \u201cMbreti i Mbret\u00ebrve\u201d, dhe i k\u00ebrkon ndihm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rimarr\u00eb gruan e tij nga Troja.<\/p>\n
Agamemnoni u k\u00ebrkon mbret\u00ebrive t\u00eb tjera mikenase ndihm\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb anije me luft\u00ebtar\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sipas tradit\u00ebs epike, Agamemnoni mblodhi nj\u00eb flot\u00eb prej nj\u00eb mij\u00eb anijesh.<\/p>\n
Pra, nj\u00eb flot\u00eb e madhe mikenase niset dhe mb\u00ebrrin n\u00eb brigjet e Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Pas nj\u00eb rrethimi t\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb qytetit, m\u00eb n\u00eb fund, me dredhin\u00eb e Kalit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm, Mikenasit futen n\u00eb Troj\u00eb dhe qyteti shkat\u00ebrrohet. Pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, Helena kthehet dhe heronjt\u00eb nisen drejt qyteteve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme, historia e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs q\u00eb ka mb\u00ebrritur deri tek ne.<\/p>\n
Kush e ka lexuar Iliad\u00ebn mund t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb se rr\u00ebfimi n\u00eb poem\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, p\u00ebrqendrohet vet\u00ebm te nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e fundit e rrethimit legjendar dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Por zanafilla e \u201c\u00c7\u00ebshtjes homerike\u201d moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e hershme.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb n\u00eb shekujt XVII dhe XVIII, studiues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm vun\u00eb n\u00eb diskutim \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e autor\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Iliad\u00ebs dhe Odises\u00eb. Fran\u00e7ois H\u00e9delin, abati i Aubignac-ut, Richard Bentley dhe Giambattista Vico parashtruan teza t\u00eb ndryshme mbi natyr\u00ebn dhe autor\u00ebsin\u00eb e poemave homerike.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb prej ideve ishte se Homeri mund t\u00eb mos kishte ekzistuar si nj\u00eb autor i vet\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ishte se poemat mund t\u00eb ishin krijuar dhe transmetuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb gojore nga breza t\u00eb shumt\u00eb rapsod\u00ebsh. Nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr tez\u00eb sugjeronte se poezia homerike mund t\u00eb ishte rezultat i kontributit t\u00eb shum\u00eb autor\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr personalitet europian q\u00eb e trajtoi k\u00ebt\u00eb dilem\u00eb n\u00eb shkrimet e tij ishte filozofi zviceran Jean-Jacques Rousseau, i cili vuri n\u00eb pah problemin e shkrimit dhe theksoi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e krijimtaris\u00eb gojore.<\/p>\n
Studiuesi francez Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d\u2019Ansse de Villoison rizbuloi dhe botoi n\u00eb vitin 1788 kodikun Venetus A t\u00eb shekullit X. N\u00eb hyrjen e tij shpjeguese, Prolegomena, t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb vitin 1795, studiuesi gjerman i antikitetit klasik Friedrich August Wolf vuri n\u00eb dukje kufijt\u00eb e asaj q\u00eb mund t\u00eb dihej p\u00ebr Homerin dhe p\u00ebr ekzistenc\u00ebn e tij si autor historik.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitet 1930, dy studiues t\u00eb rinj nga Universiteti i Harvardit nd\u00ebrmor\u00ebn nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb trevat ballkanike t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs, Malit t\u00eb Zi dhe Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb veriut, duke takuar dhe regjistruar k\u00ebng\u00ebt e rapsod\u00ebve t\u00eb mo\u00e7\u00ebm, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ruanin n\u00eb tradit\u00ebn e tyre k\u00ebng\u00eb t\u00eb hershme kreshnike.<\/p>\n
Kontributi i tyre ndihmoi n\u00eb zhvillimin e konceptit t\u00eb \u201ctradit\u00ebs gojore\u201d, i cili sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kthese n\u00eb studimet homerike.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00eb sallat akademike vazhdon me vrull debati i gjat\u00eb mbi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjesh q\u00eb lidhen me tradit\u00ebn, shkrimet, epok\u00ebn dhe vet\u00eb natyr\u00ebn e poemave q\u00eb ende frym\u00ebzojn\u00eb artin dhe kultur\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, studimet e reja n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e arkeologjis\u00eb, ADN-s\u00eb, linguistik\u00ebs dhe krahasimeve gjuh\u00ebsore, si edhe p\u00ebrdorimi i analizave kompjuterike, kan\u00eb zgjeruar debatin e kahersh\u00ebm mbi thelbin e diskutimit rreth identitetit t\u00eb Homerit.<\/p>\n
Apo nj\u00eb grup bard\u00ebsh sh\u00ebtit\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt udh\u00ebtonin dhe rr\u00ebfenin historit\u00eb e bot\u00ebs antike?<\/p>\n
Studiuesit e fush\u00ebs p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht e vendosin formimin e tradit\u00ebs homerike rreth shekujve VIII\u2013VII para Krishtit, shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pas periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Bronzit t\u00eb Von\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb fakt, sipas shum\u00eb studiuesve t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushe, nuk ekziston nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb q\u00eb Iliada t\u00eb ket\u00eb ekzistuar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb shkruar gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs q\u00eb lidhet me Luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se tradita q\u00eb q\u00ebndron pas Iliad\u00ebs dhe Odises\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb kaluar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet transmetimit gojor, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb fiksohej n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb shkruar.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb dashamir\u00ebsit e k\u00ebtyre veprave klasike duhet kuptuar se Lufta e Troj\u00ebs, \u201cn\u00ebse ka ndodhur\u201d, duhet t\u00eb lidhet me ngjarje t\u00eb Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Bronzit t\u00eb Von\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Pra, n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb kur n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e Egjeut ekzistonin qendra dhe mbret\u00ebri mikenase, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Anadollin qendror dhe per\u00ebndimor vepronte Perandoria Hitite.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb konflikt historik pas tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, duhet t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn politike t\u00eb Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Bronzit, jo p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn klasike greke t\u00eb shum\u00eb shekujve m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Pik\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye studiuesit b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje themelore: n\u00eb rr\u00ebfimin e Homerit, cilat fakte, ngjarje apo objekte mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrkasin periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Bronzit dhe cilat pasqyrojn\u00eb periudh\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn u form\u00ebsuan dhe u transmetuan poemat?<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pyetje fondamentale p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar peizazhin historik.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr shum\u00eb lexues q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur koh\u00ebn t\u00eb lexojn\u00eb Iliad\u00ebn dhe Odisen\u00eb, ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb e panjohur se t\u00eb dyja veprat jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb historie shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb mbi ngjarjet e Troj\u00ebs, e njohur si \u201cEpic Cycle\u201d, ose \u201cCikli Epik\u201d.<\/p>\n
Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, p\u00ebr let\u00ebrsin\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, shum\u00eb prej veprave q\u00eb b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cik\u00ebl tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb zhdukur. Ne i njohim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes burimeve t\u00eb dyta ose t\u00eb treta.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb prej burimeve kryesore p\u00ebr rind\u00ebrtimin e k\u00ebtyre veprave t\u00eb humbura \u00ebsht\u00eb Prokli, i cili na jep jo vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb poemave, por edhe autor\u00ebt tradicional\u00eb t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtij materiali mund t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtojm\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb historive q\u00eb lidhen me Troj\u00ebn, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe episodin e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kalit t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e Homerit, historia e Kalit t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs p\u00ebrmendet shum\u00eb shkurt dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Odisen\u00eb. N\u00eb Iliad\u00eb, Kali i Troj\u00ebs nuk p\u00ebrmendet fare.<\/p>\n
Prandaj \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb lexuesit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb se shum\u00eb prej detajeve q\u00eb njohim sot mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb histori vijn\u00eb nga burime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs antike.<\/p>\n
Pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Ciklit Epik, si historia e Laokontit dhe gjarp\u00ebrinjve, njihen ose jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb famshme p\u00ebrmes veprave t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Auron Tare Vite t\u00eb shkuara u ndodha n\u00eb Universitetin e \u00c7ikagos, nj\u00eb universitet me nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb madh n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb universitet ligj\u00ebronte nj\u00eb prej linguist\u00ebve t\u00eb shquar dhe albanolog\u00ebve t\u00eb njohur, Prof. Viktor Freedman, i cili m\u00eb kishte ftuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb prezantuar historin\u00eb e Butrintit dhe p\u00ebrpjekjet q\u00eb b\u00ebheshin n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-98063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98063"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98063\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98063"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}