Zgjerimi i Bashkimit Evropian po i afrohet nj\u00eb momenti vendimtar. N\u00eb muajt n\u00eb vijim, Mali i Zi dhe Shqip\u00ebria mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb pran\u00eb se kurr\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit, nd\u00ebrsa Ukraina dhe Moldavia po p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e tyre t\u00eb integrimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Brukseli po shqyrton reformat e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb akomoduar nj\u00eb Bashkim m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe politikisht m\u00eb kompleks.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb nga Brexit-i, BE-ja ka nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi reale p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikthyer zgjerimin n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb projektit evropian. Por, nd\u00ebrsa vende si Mali i Zi i afrohen me shpejt\u00ebsi vij\u00ebs s\u00eb finishit dhe t\u00eb tjera e shohin Evrop\u00ebn si nj\u00eb spiranc\u00eb politike, ekonomike dhe t\u00eb siguris\u00eb, ambiciet e zgjerimit t\u00eb Brukselit po p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb prov\u00eb vendimtare.<\/p>\n
Zgjerimi i BE-s\u00eb po p\u00ebrjeton nj\u00eb hov q\u00eb ndodh rrall\u00eb: disa prej vendeve kandidate m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara po i afrohen faz\u00ebs p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb negociatave; Ukraina dhe Moldavia po nd\u00ebrmarrin hapa t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm drejt shk\u00ebputjes nga orbita e Mosk\u00ebs; nd\u00ebrsa Islanda po shqyrton mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rifillimit t\u00eb negociatave t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit.<\/p>\n
Situata nuk ka qen\u00eb kaq premtuese prej vitesh. Zyrtar\u00ebt evropian\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se gjat\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muajve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb mbyllur m\u00eb shum\u00eb kapituj negociues sesa n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e kaluar.<\/p>\n
Brukseli po e p\u00ebrdor gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb perspektiv\u00ebn e an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit n\u00eb BE si instrument t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme: p\u00ebr t\u00eb konsoliduar ndikimin n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij t\u00eb af\u00ebrt, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar garancit\u00eb e siguris\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar ndikimin e fuqive rivale dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ankoruar stabilitetin n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm gjeopolitik.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa perspektiva e nj\u00eb Bashkimi t\u00eb zgjeruar b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb konkrete, institucionet evropiane dhe shtetet an\u00ebtare po p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb pyetjesh politike dhe strategjike q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen shp\u00ebrthyese n\u00ebse Evropa hyn n\u00eb nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re zgjerimi.<\/p>\n
Ekuilibri gjeografik<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet kryesore q\u00eb BE-ja duhet t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ekuilibri gjeografik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb drit\u00ebn e zgjerimit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb vitit 2004. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, dhjet\u00eb shtete t\u00eb reja nga Evropa Qendrore dhe Lindore iu bashkuan Unionit, duke krijuar n\u00eb disa kryeqytete t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore ndjesin\u00eb se qendra e gravitetit t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb ishte zhvendosur ndjesh\u00ebm drejt lindjes.<\/p>\n
Kandidat\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuar sot, Mali i Zi dhe Shqip\u00ebria, nuk do ta ndryshonin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme k\u00ebt\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr, duke pasur parasysh madh\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe pesh\u00ebn e tyre relative. Por afrimi i tyre me an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimin ngre nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje m\u00eb delikate: si do t\u00eb menaxhohet Serbia, vendi m\u00eb i madh dhe nj\u00eb nga aktor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, pranimi i t\u00eb cilit mbetet burim p\u00ebr\u00e7arjeje mes shteteve an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201cMiqt\u00eb e Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor\u201d po v\u00ebn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje pesh\u00ebn q\u00eb konsideratat gjeopolitike kan\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e pranimit t\u00eb Beogradit. Sipas tyre, parimi i nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb merit\u00eb nuk po zbatohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebtrajtshme ndaj t\u00eb gjitha vendeve kandidate.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa shtohet presioni p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur kapituj t\u00eb rinj negociues me Ukrain\u00ebn dhe Moldavin\u00eb deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit, thirrjet p\u00ebr ruajtjen e nj\u00eb ekuilibri gjeografik brenda procesit t\u00eb zgjerimit pritet t\u00eb intensifikohen. N\u00eb skenarin m\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar, kjo mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi i Ukrain\u00ebs t\u00eb lidhet, drejtp\u00ebrdrejt ose t\u00ebrthorazi, me ritmin e p\u00ebrparimit t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Islanda mund t\u00eb shfaqet si nj\u00eb faktor i papritur, por i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb ribalancimin e p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes s\u00eb Unionit. Vendi i pasur nordik po zhvillon nj\u00eb referendum, t\u00eb hapur deri m\u00eb 29 gusht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00ebse do t\u00eb rifilloj\u00eb negociatat e an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit me BE-n\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Ukraina mbetet elefanti n\u00eb dhom\u00eb. Kryeqytetet evropiane jan\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijshme se nj\u00eb form\u00eb e perspektiv\u00ebs s\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit n\u00eb BE ose e garancive t\u00eb siguris\u00eb do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e \u00e7do marr\u00ebveshjeje t\u00eb ardhshme t\u00eb paqes me Mosk\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, territori, popullsia dhe kapacitetet ushtarake t\u00eb Ukrain\u00ebs do ta shnd\u00ebrronin at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet an\u00ebtar me pesh\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e mbrojtjes dhe politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme. Kjo do ta detyronte Brukselin t\u00eb rishqyrtonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si do t\u00eb funksiononte nj\u00eb Bashkim Evropian duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i madh.<\/p>\n
Nevoja p\u00ebr reforma<\/p>\n
N\u00eb fjalimin e saj p\u00ebr Gjendjen e Unionit n\u00eb vitin 2023, presidentja e Komisionit Evropian, Ursula von der Leyen, njoftoi nj\u00eb rishikim t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjerimit: nj\u00eb plan p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si duhet t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb nj\u00eb BE me 30 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb shtete an\u00ebtare.<\/p>\n
Ky plan mbeti p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb prapavij\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa kandidatura e Ukrain\u00ebs e b\u00ebri \u00e7\u00ebshtjen shum\u00eb m\u00eb komplekse, si n\u00eb aspektin praktik, ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb politik. Komisioni pritet ta publikoj\u00eb rishikimin m\u00eb 30 shtator, n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb rimarr\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebn mbi nj\u00eb prej dosjeve m\u00eb strategjike t\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n
Q\u00eb kur zgjerimi u rikthye n\u00eb krye t\u00eb agjend\u00ebs s\u00eb Brukselit, qeverit\u00eb evropiane kan\u00eb diskutuar m\u00ebnyrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar val\u00ebn e ardhshme t\u00eb vendeve kandidate. Propozimet variojn\u00eb nga garanci m\u00eb t\u00eb forta demokratike p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e rinj, t\u00eb nxjerra edhe nga p\u00ebrvoja e Hungaris\u00eb n\u00ebn Viktor Orb\u00e1nin, deri te format e integrimit gradual, t\u00eb hartuara p\u00ebr t\u2019u ofruar vendeve kandidate p\u00ebrfitime konkrete t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit q\u00eb n\u00eb fazat e hershme t\u00eb procesit.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht, Komisioni duhet t\u00eb propozoj\u00eb reforma n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionon vet\u00eb BE-ja, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb institucionet e saj t\u00eb mbeten efikase edhe pas zgjerimit.<\/p>\n
Thirrjet p\u00ebr heqjen e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs s\u00eb unanimitetit n\u00eb fusha t\u00eb tilla si politika e jashtme po b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb forta. K\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeje m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb veprimin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb Unionit m\u00eb efektiv n\u00eb nj\u00eb klim\u00eb t\u00eb tensionuar gjeopolitike, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas vetove t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura t\u00eb Orb\u00e1nit, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb penguar disa vendimmarrje evropiane.<\/p>\n
Mund t\u00eb rikthehet gjithashtu ideja p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb Komisionin Evropian m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe m\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl, duke e p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar prioritetesh. Nj\u00eb ndryshim i till\u00eb do t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte braktisjen e parimit sipas t\u00eb cilit \u00e7do shtet an\u00ebtar ka t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb komisioner \u2014 nj\u00eb parim q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetet ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nga vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n
Skeptik\u00ebt argumentojn\u00eb se momenti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr reforma kaq t\u00eb gjera, duke pasur parasysh se vitin e ardhsh\u00ebm disa prej vendeve ky\u00e7e t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb do t\u00eb zhvillojn\u00eb zgjedhje. Midis tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb Franca, ku mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb nj\u00eb kandidat nga e djathta ekstreme dhe euroskeptike, Rassemblement National (Bashkimi Komb\u00ebtar), t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb Pallatin \u00c9lys\u00e9e nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dukur kurr\u00eb kaq reale.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb tjer\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb argument, duke theksuar se n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb pothuajse gjithmon\u00eb ka zgjedhje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb horizont dhe se reformat q\u00eb jan\u00eb shtyr\u00eb prej vitesh nuk mund t\u00eb vonohen pafund\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n
Pasiguria rreth ratifikimit<\/p>\n
Procesi i zgjerimit t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb ka supozuar gjithmon\u00eb se shtetet an\u00ebtare jan\u00eb t\u00eb gatshme t\u00eb mir\u00ebpresin vende t\u00eb reja n\u00eb Union.<\/p>\n
Zakonisht, shtetet an\u00ebtare i ngren\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtimet e tyre p\u00ebrpara p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb negociatave t\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit. Mosmarr\u00ebveshjet e zgjatura t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Veriut \u2014 fillimisht me Greqin\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e emrit dhe m\u00eb pas me Bullgarin\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e identitetit dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb pakicave \u2014 jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb bllokim i pranimit gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb ratifikimit do t\u00eb ishte i paprecedent\u00eb, por mbetet nj\u00eb rrezik real. Zhvendosja e spektrit politik drejt s\u00eb djatht\u00ebs n\u00eb vende themeluese si Holanda dhe Franca po i b\u00ebn votuesit gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb rezervuar ndaj zgjerimit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Unionit.<\/p>\n
Si\u00e7 shpjegoi p\u00ebr Eurone\u00ebs Petar Markovi\u0107, kreu i misionit t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi n\u00eb BE, nj\u00eb nga arsyet kryesore pse Podgorica \u00ebsht\u00eb e gatshme t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb garanci t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme p\u00ebr sundimin e ligjit dhe luft\u00ebn kund\u00ebr prirjeve autoritare \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr ta leht\u00ebsuar procesin e ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ratifikimit.<\/p>\n
Franca mbetet e panjohura m\u00eb e madhe. N\u00eb vitin 2005, Parisi miratoi nj\u00eb amendament kushtetues q\u00eb parashikonte q\u00eb \u00e7do traktat i ri an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimi t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohej nj\u00eb referendumi komb\u00ebtar ose t\u00eb miratohej me nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb prej tre t\u00eb pestash n\u00eb nj\u00eb seanc\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb Parlamentit.<\/p>\n
Edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb, Mali i Zi mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb si rast prove. Ratifikimi i an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit t\u00eb tij mund t\u00eb kombinohet me at\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb ritmit t\u00eb progresit t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs, ose me at\u00eb t\u00eb Island\u00ebs, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb rezultatit t\u00eb referendumit.<\/p>\n
\u201cN\u00ebse Mali i Zi nuk ia del, kjo padyshim do ta d\u00ebmtonte seriozisht t\u00eb gjith\u00eb procesin\u201d, tha p\u00ebr Eurone\u00ebs Florian Bieber, koordinator i Grupit K\u00ebshillimor t\u00eb Politikave p\u00ebr Ballkanin n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb. \u201cNe kemi nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb plan shum\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb emergjence p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur k\u00ebtij skenari.\u201d<\/p>\n
N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, zgjerimi i ardhsh\u00ebm i BE-s\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb jet\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb test p\u00ebr vendet kandidate. Ai do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb test po aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr vet\u00eb Bashkimin Evropian: n\u00ebse do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb zgjerohet pa humbur kohezionin, t\u00eb reformohet pa u paralizuar nga interesat komb\u00ebtare dhe t\u00eb shnd\u00ebrroj\u00eb zgjerimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb instrument t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb tij gjeopolitike.\/EuronewsItalia<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zgjerimi i Bashkimit Evropian po i afrohet nj\u00eb momenti vendimtar. N\u00eb muajt n\u00eb vijim, Mali i Zi dhe Shqip\u00ebria mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb m\u00eb pran\u00eb se kurr\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebsimit, nd\u00ebrsa Ukraina dhe Moldavia po p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb n\u00eb procesin e tyre t\u00eb integrimit. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Brukseli po shqyrton reformat e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb akomoduar nj\u00eb Bashkim m\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96764"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96764\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}