M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 130,000 njer\u00ebz largohen nga rajoni i Ballkanit \u00e7do vit. Pse po largohen t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb dhe a jan\u00eb subvencionet e shpallura nga politikan\u00ebt rajonal\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitje e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u2019u kthyer?<\/p>\n
Mario (30), Mijat (29) dhe Matija (22) duket se nuk kan\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nga Tuzla, tjetri nga Negotini, i treti nga Zagrebi. Ata kan\u00eb mbaruar shkolla t\u00eb mesme dhe universitete t\u00eb ndryshme, kan\u00eb profesione t\u00eb ndryshme dhe nuk e njohin nj\u00ebri-tjetrin.<\/p>\n
Ajo q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb se vijn\u00eb nga Ballkani. Dhe se jetojn\u00eb jasht\u00eb vendit ose planifikojn\u00eb t\u00eb largohen.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb tre i thon\u00eb DW se nuk e mor\u00ebn vendimin p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar brenda nat\u00ebs. Edhe pse motivet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar ishin t\u00eb ndryshme, arsyet jan\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta: \u00e7rregullimi i sistemit dhe mungesa e organizimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cPse njer\u00ebzit largohen nga Kroacia? Asgj\u00eb nuk funksionon atje! Transporti publik, kopshtet, nuk ka pun\u00eb, nuk ka apartamente, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb. Njer\u00ebzit duan t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vende ku funksionon, nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb vet\u00ebm me parat\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Matija, i cili jeton n\u00eb qytetin gjerman t\u00eb Mainzit q\u00eb nga mosha 16 vje\u00e7.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb nga shum\u00eb<\/p>\n
Se ata nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vendimin e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb emigruar d\u00ebshmohet nga fakti se mesatarisht rreth 133,500 njer\u00ebz largohen nga Ballkani\u00e7do vit. Kjo tregohet nga baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave e Organizat\u00ebs Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim Ekonomik dhe Zhvillim (OECD), e cila regjistron numrin e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb jan\u00eb zhvendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb nj\u00eb vit t\u00eb vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Edhe pse nuk ka statistika zyrtare p\u00ebr numrin e atyre q\u00eb largohen nga vendi n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Kroacis\u00eb), t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e OECD-s\u00eb p\u00ebr 31 vende tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn nga viti 2019 deri n\u00eb vitin 2023 \u2013 viti i fundit p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ka t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb disponueshme \u2013 nj\u00eb total prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 660,000 njer\u00ebz u larguan nga Serbia, Kroacia, Mali i Zi dhe Bosnja dhe Hercegovina.<\/p>\n
Sipas k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, vendi kryesor p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket \u201cikjes s\u00eb trurit\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb Kroacia, nga e cila ikin rreth 47,000 banor\u00eb \u00e7do vit. Kroacia ka rreth 3.8 milion\u00eb qytetar\u00eb. M\u00eb pas n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb fam\u00ebkeqe \u00ebsht\u00eb Serbia, e cila humbet mesatarisht 43,000 banor\u00eb \u00e7do vit, nd\u00ebrsa rreth 40,000 qytetar\u00eb largohen nga Bosnja dhe Hercegovina\u00e7do vit.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2023, Sekretarja e P\u00ebrgjithshme e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Bashk\u00ebpunimit Rajonal, Majlinda Bregu, njoftoi se, sipas vler\u00ebsimeve, rajoni i Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb midis nj\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt\u00ebn dedi n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb kualifikuar dhe t\u00eb arsimuar n\u00eb dekadat e ardhshme. Ajo theksoi shkall\u00ebn e lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, varf\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrjashtimin si disa nga arsyet kryesore.<\/p>\n
Pse po largohen t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb?<\/p>\n
Edhe pse migrimi nga Ballkani nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb \u201cnga dje\u201d, ekspert\u00ebt tregojn\u00eb se faktor\u00ebt kan\u00eb ndryshuar n\u00eb 30 vitet e fundit.<\/p>\n
Demografi Vladimir Nikitovi\u00e7 nga Instituti i Shkencave Sociale n\u00eb Beograd shpjegon p\u00ebr DW se, ndryshe nga t\u00eb ashtuquajturit faktor\u00eb shtyt\u00ebs q\u00eb dikur dominonin dhe q\u00eb kryesisht kishin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin mearsye ekonomike, sot njer\u00ebzit motivohen edhe nga faktor\u00ebt e k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb ose pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsis\u00eb me gjendjen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, ndon\u00ebse cil\u00ebsia e jet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, Nikitoviq v\u00ebren se ajo ndryshon n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb profesionit dhe se \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet me siguri se \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se t\u00eb ardhurat.<\/p>\n
\u201cP\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit me arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt si rregull kan\u00eb pritje m\u00eb t\u00eb larta nga jeta, cil\u00ebsia e jet\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk lidhen ekskluzivisht me parat\u00eb ose pag\u00ebn jan\u00eb shum\u00eb lart n\u00eb list\u00ebn e prioriteteve\u201d, thekson ai dhe shton: \u201cNga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb profesione t\u00eb tjera, kryesisht duke kryer pun\u00eb manuale, ku ndryshimet n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura jan\u00eb shpesh pes\u00eb ose gjasht\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se k\u00ebtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft logjike q\u00eb faktori ekonomik \u00ebsht\u00eb ende vendimtar. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ende pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb largohen\u201d.<\/p>\n
Kur u pyet sesi ngjarjet aktuale politike reflektojn\u00eb n\u00ebmotivimin e t\u00eb rinjvep\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar\/q\u00ebndruar n\u00eb vend, Nikitoviq tha se ato sigurisht q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim, por ato reflektojn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr n\u00eb potencialin e largimit sesa n\u00eb vet\u00eb largimin.<\/p>\n
\u201cRrethanat politike flasin m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr gjendjen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb sesa n\u00ebse dikush do t\u00eb migroj\u00eb v\u00ebrtet. Kur t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb thon\u00eb se do t\u00eb largoheshin dhe p\u00ebrmendin situat\u00ebn politike ose gjendjen e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb si arsye, kjo flet m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre me kushtet sociale, sesa n\u00ebse ata do t\u00eb largohen v\u00ebrtet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye\u201d, thekson ai.<\/p>\n
A mund t\u00eb kthehen t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb me para?<\/p>\n
Ndryshe nga Bosnj\u00eb-Hercegovina, ku ende nuk ka nj\u00eb program zyrtar shtet\u00ebror p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkurajuar kthimin e t\u00eb rinjve, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit serb\u00eb dhe kroat\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb jav\u00ebt e fundit t\u00eb t\u00ebrheqin t\u00eb rinj nga jasht\u00eb me masa t\u00eb reja.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej fjalimeve t\u00eb tij zgjedhore, k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb Svilajnac, Presidenti serb Aleksandar Vu\u00e7iq njoftoi subvencione p\u00ebr t\u00eb kthyerit, pa specifikuar se sa do t\u00eb arrinin ato.<\/p>\n
Aktualisht, Serbia ka masa n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ndihm\u00ebs administrative dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim, si dhe nj\u00eb leht\u00ebsim tatimor pes\u00ebvje\u00e7ar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb uljeje prej 70 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb baz\u00ebs tatimore dhe t\u00eb kontributeve. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, taksapaguesve t\u00eb sapovendosur u ngarkohen taksa vet\u00ebm mbi 30 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
Kryeministri kroat Andrej Plenkoviq \u00ebsht\u00eb disi m\u00eb bujar, sepse investimet n\u00eb t\u00eb kthyerit jan\u00eb n\u00eb miliona. Ato variojn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim pes\u00ebvje\u00e7ar nga pagesa e taks\u00ebs mbi t\u00eb ardhurat deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb shum\u00eb prej 27.000 eurosh p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar biznesin e tyre.<\/p>\n
Edhe pse masa t\u00eb tilla jan\u00eb sigurisht t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, bashk\u00ebbiseduesit e DW besojn\u00eb se ato ende nuk jan\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitje e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kthehen.<\/p>\n
Nenad Jovetiq, drejtor i Institutit p\u00ebr Zhvillim dhe Inovacion (IRI), thekson se nj\u00eb sistem cil\u00ebsor arsimor dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor do t\u00eb ishte me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ky\u00e7e si mas\u00eb, dhe se p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i tyre mund t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb shum\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt, pavar\u00ebsisht nga mosha e tyre.<\/p>\n
\u201cPagat dhe t\u00eb ardhurat jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, por kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin ose arsimimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve tuaj, n\u00ebse mund t\u2019ua ofroni k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve q\u00eb kan\u00eb emigruar m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2013 kjo do t\u00eb ishte gj\u00ebja e duhur p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb\u201d, thekson ai.<\/p>\n
Demografi Nikitoviq pajtohet dhe i sheh k\u00ebto masa m\u00eb shum\u00eb si \u201cnj\u00eb truk politik sesa si nj\u00eb mas\u00eb q\u00eb mund ta ndryshoj\u00eb v\u00ebrtet situat\u00ebn\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u201cShumica e k\u00ebtyre njer\u00ebzve nuk kan\u00eb besim t\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, ose n\u00eb shtetin dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si funksionon sistemi. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse mendoj se stimujt financiar\u00eb jan\u00eb vet\u00ebm dyt\u00ebsor\u00eb \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb ndiejn\u00eb se ka nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb dhe mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrparim.\u201d<\/p>\n
Mario, Mijat dhe Matija konfirmojn\u00eb se arsyet financiare nuk jan\u00eb motivimi kryesor p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar. Ata thon\u00eb se do t\u00eb preferonin ta shihnin sistemin t\u00eb funksiononte.<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse ata u thon\u00eb politikan\u00ebve t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme \u2013 zgjidhni problemet sistemike dhe ne do t\u00eb kthehemi pa asnj\u00eb nxitje. (DW)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 130,000 njer\u00ebz largohen nga rajoni i Ballkanit \u00e7do vit. Pse po largohen t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb dhe a jan\u00eb subvencionet e shpallura nga politikan\u00ebt rajonal\u00eb nj\u00eb nxitje e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u2019u kthyer? Mario (30), Mijat (29) dhe Matija (22) duket se nuk kan\u00eb asgj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt. Nj\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nga Tuzla, tjetri nga Negotini, i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96526"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96526\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}