Nj\u00eb studim i publikuar nga Fondacioni Friedrich Ebert hedh drit\u00eb mbi dimensionet shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb parave tek pasurit\u00eb e paluajtshme<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb studim i publikuar nga Fondacioni Friedrich Ebert n\u00eb shtator 2025 hedh drit\u00eb mbi dimensionet shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb parave n\u00eb sektorin e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit. Analiza e kryer nga Prof. Asoc. Dr. Adriatik Kotorri\u00a0dokumenton\u00a0se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e boomit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb vend mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb financuar nga burime me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb analizuara n\u00eb studim<\/a>, gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 2015-2024 n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri\u00a0jan\u00eb\u00a0dh\u00ebn\u00eb leje nd\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebr 11.48 milion\u00eb metra katror\u00eb me vler\u00eb tregu mesatarisht prej 16.238 miliard\u00eb Euro. Nga kjo shum\u00eb, vet\u00ebm 7.108 miliard\u00eb Euro jan\u00eb identifikuar si t\u00eb financuara nga burime t\u00eb ligjshme, konkretisht 5.521 miliard\u00eb Euro nga kredia bankare dhe 1.587 miliard\u00eb Euro nga investime t\u00eb huaja direkte.<\/p>\n Diferenca prej s\u00eb paku 9.13 miliard\u00eb Euro ngre pyetje serioze mbi origjin\u00ebn e fondeve. Ndon\u00ebse nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj diference mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsoj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb pashitura ose t\u00eb financuara nga kursime legjitime, studiuesi Kotorri argumenton se treguesi m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsues lidhet me burime t\u00eb paligjshme.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr\u00a0gjetjet\u00a0m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb studimit lidhet me rritjen dramatike t\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb huaja nga vende q\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb ose jan\u00eb aktualisht n\u00eb list\u00ebn gri t\u00eb Task Forc\u00ebs p\u00ebr Veprim Financiar (FATF), organizata nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare q\u00eb monitoron pastrimin e parave dhe financimin e terrorizmit.<\/p>\n Rasti i Turqis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari. Investimet nga ky vend jan\u00eb rritur nga 86 milion\u00eb Euro n\u00eb 2015 n\u00eb 257 milion\u00eb Euro n\u00eb 2024. Turqia ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e list\u00ebs gri t\u00eb FATF deri n\u00eb qershor 2024, periudh\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrkon me intensifikimin e investimeve t\u00eb saj n\u00eb sektorin shqiptar t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme.<\/p>\n Bullgaria paraqet rastin e dyt\u00eb n\u00eb aspektin e rritjes relative. Nga praktikisht zero investime n\u00eb 2015, ky vend arriti n\u00eb 74 milion\u00eb Euro investime n\u00eb 2019 dhe vazhdoi me 28 milion\u00eb Euro investime n\u00eb 2024. Bullgaria gjithashtu ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e list\u00ebs gri t\u00eb FATF deri koh\u00ebt e fundit.<\/p>\n Studiuesi Kotorri thekson se edhe Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr juridiksion me kontroll historikisht t\u00eb dob\u00ebt financiar, kan\u00eb rritur investimet nga zero\u00a0 me nj\u00eb kulm prej 19 milion\u00eb eurosh n\u00eb 2023.<\/p>\n Raporti argumenton se \u201ck\u00ebto prurje investimesh, nga vende me kontroll t\u00eb dob\u00ebt financiar,\u00a0ngrejn\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje mbi natyr\u00ebn e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre investimeve dhe rrezikun potencial q\u00eb ato paraqesin p\u00ebr pastrimin e parave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri\u201d<\/p>\n Mekanizmat e dep\u00ebrtimit<\/strong><\/p>\n Studimi identifikon disa rrug\u00eb kryesore p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave parat\u00eb e paligjshme dep\u00ebrtojn\u00eb n\u00eb sektorin e nd\u00ebrtimit, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n Themelimi i kompanive me kapacitete t\u00eb dyshimta: Nga 2015 n\u00eb 2023, numri i kompanive t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit u rrit me 40%, duke arritur n\u00eb 6,955 kompani. Shqet\u00ebsuese \u00ebsht\u00eb se 82% e kompanive t\u00eb reja kan\u00eb vet\u00ebm 1-4 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar dhe nuk disponojn\u00eb kapacitete reale p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar projekte nd\u00ebrtimi. Sipas raportit, p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn 2017-2019, rreth 59% e kompanive q\u00eb mor\u00ebn leje p\u00ebr objekte mbi 6 kate nuk kishin kapacitete financiare t\u00eb mjaftueshme.<\/p>\n Depozitimi i fondeve n\u00eb vende t\u00eb treta: Metoda p\u00ebrfshin depozitimin e fondeve n\u00eb banka t\u00eb vendeve me kontroll t\u00eb dob\u00ebt (si Turqia, Bullgaria dhe EBA) dhe rikthimin e tyre n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri si \u201cinvestime t\u00eb huaja direkte\u201d. Kjo skem\u00eb mund\u00ebson q\u00eb parat\u00eb me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb t\u00eb fitojn\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cpamje legjitime\u201d p\u00ebrmes sistemit bankar nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/p>\n Pagesat cash dhe n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimi: Praktika e deklarimit t\u00eb vlerave t\u00eb ul\u00ebta n\u00eb kontrata, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr paguhet n\u00eb dor\u00eb, mbetet e zakonshme. Megjith\u00ebse \u00e7mimet e referenc\u00ebs minimale u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb 2018, diferenca mes \u00e7mimeve reale dhe atyre t\u00eb deklaruara arrin deri n\u00eb 100% n\u00eb zonat elitare.<\/p>\n Depozitimi i fragmentuar: Shumat ndahen n\u00eb depozitime t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur alarmet automatike bankare (zakonisht n\u00ebn 7,000 Euro) dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr blerje pronash.<\/p>\n Deformimi i tregut<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr gjetjet m\u00eb alarmante t\u00eb studimit lidhet me paradokset q\u00eb ka krijuar ky fenomen n\u00eb tregun shqiptar t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme.<\/p>\n Paradoksi i sasis\u00eb: Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 2011-2023, nd\u00ebrsa popullsia ra me 478,590 banor\u00eb, numri i banesave u rrit me 74,286 nj\u00ebsi. Megjithat\u00eb, numri i familjeve t\u00eb pastreha u rrit me 88%, nga 70,630 n\u00eb 132,563 familje. Shqip\u00ebria sot ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb banesa se familje, por m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz pa streh\u00eb.<\/p>\n Paradoksi i \u00e7mimit: \u00c7mimet jan\u00eb rritur me 139% (nga 862 Euro\/m\u00b2 n\u00eb 2015 n\u00eb 2,057 Euro\/m\u00b2 n\u00eb 2024) nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb oferta ka sh\u00ebnuar nj\u00eb rritje prej 46%. Kjo shkel logjik\u00ebn baz\u00eb ekonomike ku rritja e ofert\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb ul\u00eb \u00e7mimet.<\/p>\n Ndikimi n\u00eb aksesibilitetin e strehimit: N\u00eb 2015, nj\u00eb personi me pag\u00eb mesatare i duheshin 38 vite p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb nj\u00eb apartament n\u00eb periferi. N\u00eb 2024, kjo koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb 47 vite, nj\u00eb rritje prej 23%. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb \u00e7ift, koha \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjatur nga 19 n\u00eb 23 vite.<\/p>\n Evazioni<\/strong><\/p>\n Studimi vler\u00ebson se gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 2015-2024, korrupsioni dhe evazioni fiskal kan\u00eb gjeneruar t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 8.168 miliard\u00eb Euro t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb paligjshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. K\u00ebto shifra bazohen n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga ALTAX, i cili shfryt\u00ebzon burime zyrtare p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb INSTAT, Ministrin\u00eb e Financave, SPAK, KLSH, FMN, Bank\u00ebn Bot\u00ebrore dhe Transparency International.<\/p>\n Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e konsiderueshme e k\u00ebtyre fondeve besohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb gjetur rrug\u00eb drejt sektorit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit. Sipas raportit t\u00eb \u201cGlobal Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime\u201d, pastrimi i vler\u00ebsuar i parave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn 2017-2019 arrin deri n\u00eb 1.6 miliard\u00eb Euro.<\/p>\n Paradoksalisht, nd\u00ebrsa fenomeni ka rritur t\u00eb ardhurat vendore p\u00ebrmes taksave dhe tarifave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit (nga 12.9 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb 2015 n\u00eb 30.5 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb 2022), ai ka krijuar nj\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb rrezikshme. Pesha e taksave t\u00eb lidhura me pasurit\u00eb e paluajtshme n\u00eb totalin e t\u00eb ardhurave vendore \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 37% n\u00eb 51%.<\/p>\n Performanca<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr kritikuat m\u00eb t\u00eb forta t\u00eb studimit i drejtohet Agjencis\u00eb s\u00eb Inteligjenc\u00ebs Financiare (AIF). Analiza tregon se aktiviteti i AIF ka r\u00ebn\u00eb dramatikisht gjat\u00eb 5-vje\u00e7arit t\u00eb fundit:<\/p>\n Rastet e d\u00ebrguara n\u00eb organet ligjzbatuese ran\u00eb nga 1,856 (2015-2019) n\u00eb 1,204 (2020-2024).<\/p>\n Inspektimet n\u00eb vend u reduktuan nga 806 n\u00eb 550.<\/p>\n Pasurit\u00eb e bllokuara ran\u00eb nga 71.4 milion\u00eb Euro (2015-2019) n\u00eb vet\u00ebm 15.8 milion\u00eb Euro (2020-2024), nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie 4.5 her\u00eb<\/p>\n Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht shqet\u00ebsuese \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimi se aktiviteti i AIF bie n\u00eb vitet zgjedhore. Me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb 2019 (kur nuk pati gar\u00eb elektorale p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bojkotit), n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha vitet zgjedhore (2013, 2015, 2017, 2021, 2023) u sh\u00ebnua r\u00ebnie e pasurive t\u00eb bllokuara krahasuar me vitin paraardh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr mosdeklarimin e shumave n\u00eb kufi, nj\u00eb metod\u00eb ky\u00e7e e sjelljes s\u00eb paras\u00eb s\u00eb paligjshme nga jasht\u00eb, AIF ka d\u00ebrguar vet\u00ebm 26 raste gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs, mesatarisht 2.6 raste n\u00eb vit, me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb theksuar vitet e fundit.<\/p>\n Dimensioni nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe lista gri<\/strong><\/p>\n Shqip\u00ebria ka qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e list\u00ebs gri t\u00eb FATF p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb trevje\u00e7are, duke u klasifikuar si vend me nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjeve p\u00ebr parandalimin e pastrimit t\u00eb parave.<\/p>\n Raporti thekson se, zhvendosja progresive e ekonomis\u00eb shqiptare drejt sektorit t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme, e shoq\u00ebruar me toleranc\u00eb institucionale ndaj fondeve me origjin\u00eb t\u00eb dyshimt\u00eb, ka krijuar nj\u00eb \u201cterren t\u00eb favorsh\u00ebm\u201d p\u00ebr operator\u00eb q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb integrojn\u00eb kapitale t\u00eb paligjshme n\u00eb ekonomi.<\/p>\n Vakuumi ligjor<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb gjetje tjet\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme lidhet me vakuumin ligjor q\u00eb karakterizon tregun shqiptar. Ndryshe nga shumica e vendeve evropiane q\u00eb kan\u00eb mekanizma mbrojt\u00ebs p\u00ebr bler\u00ebsit e pronave t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfunduara (si llogarit\u00eb Escrow ose garancit\u00eb bankare), Shqip\u00ebria ofron mbrojtje minimale.<\/p>\n Kontratat e \u201cPremtimit t\u00eb Shitjes\u201d dhe \u201cKalimit t\u00eb t\u00eb Drejtave\u201d, q\u00eb dominojn\u00eb tregun, nuk kan\u00eb baz\u00eb specifike ligjore dhe mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb interpretim t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kodit Civil. Studiuesi Kotorri argumenton se \u201ckontratat me t\u00eb cilat shiten pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb t\u00eb pabazuara n\u00eb ligj.\u201d<\/p>\n Indikator\u00ebt e \u201cKartelit\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporti identifikon shenja t\u00eb nj\u00eb tregu t\u00eb kontrolluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb joformale, me karakteristika t\u00eb ngjashme me kartelet:<\/p>\n Mungesa e konkurrenc\u00ebs mes projekteve n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn zon\u00eb<\/p>\n Rritje e koordinuar e \u00e7mimeve n\u00eb periudha t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta (pranver\u00eb dhe vjesht\u00eb)<\/p>\n \u00c7mim pothuajse identik p\u00ebr parkingun n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha projektet (s\u00eb paku 15,000 Euro)<\/p>\n Rritje uniforme e sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt q\u00eb i shtohet pron\u00ebs (nga 7-12% n\u00eb 17-35%)<\/p>\n Konkluzioni<\/strong><\/p>\n Raporti\u00a0 arrin n\u00eb konkluzionin se, \u201cpastrimi i parave n\u00eb sektorin e nd\u00ebrtimit funksionon si nj\u00eb sistem p\u00ebrfitimi t\u00eb gjithansh\u00ebm, ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb aktor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb, nga bler\u00ebsit me fonde t\u00eb dyshimta q\u00eb legalizojn\u00eb kapitalin, te nd\u00ebrtuesit q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb financim t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, deri te agjent\u00ebt imobiliar\u00eb q\u00eb marrin komisione dhe qeveria q\u00eb rrit t\u00eb ardhurat tatimore, p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga ky fenomen\u201d.<\/p>\n Studiuesi Kotorri argumenton se kjo struktur\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb ndaj reformave: sa m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb jen\u00eb p\u00ebrfitmet, aq m\u00eb e madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtia p\u00ebr ta luftuar fenomenin. Vakuumi ligjor, mungesa e garancive p\u00ebr bler\u00ebsit dhe roli i agjent\u00ebve imobiliar\u00eb si nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs ky\u00e7 n\u00eb negociatat p\u00ebr pagesa \u201ccash\u201d jan\u00eb identifikuar si faktor\u00eb q\u00eb leht\u00ebsojn\u00eb penetrimin e parave t\u00eb paligjshme.<\/p>\n Analiza p\u00ebrfundon se nd\u00ebrtuesit, p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb tipit \u201ckartel\u201d, kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb diktojn\u00eb tregun n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb diktohet nga bler\u00ebsit, duke cenuar konkurrenc\u00ebn dhe rritur \u00e7mimet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb artificiale.<\/p>\n Bler\u00ebsit vendas dhe investitor\u00ebt, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, shfaqin at\u00eb q\u00eb raporti e quan \u201csjellje tufe\u201d dhe frik\u00eb se mos humbasin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb (FOMO), duke bler\u00eb jo nga nevoja reale p\u00ebr strehim, por nga perceptimi i nj\u00eb tregu n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb vazhdueshme.<\/p>\n Studiuesi Kotorri konkludon se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u201cvall\u00ebzim\u201d mes aktor\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb tregut, ku p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb spekulant\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrtuesit dhe agjent\u00ebt, e vetmja pal\u00eb q\u00eb humbet jan\u00eb familjet dhe \u00e7iftet e reja me nevoja reale p\u00ebr banes\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e kan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb strehim, pavar\u00ebsisht ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb stoku t\u00eb madh apartamentesh t\u00eb pabanuara.\/ Jona Cenameri,\u00a0Faktoje.al\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n The post Studimi i ri: Nd\u00ebrtimi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, magnet p\u00ebr pastrimin e parave<\/a> appeared first on Lapsi.al<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Nj\u00eb studim i publikuar nga Fondacioni Friedrich Ebert hedh drit\u00eb mbi dimensionet shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb parave tek pasurit\u00eb e paluajtshme Nj\u00eb studim i publikuar nga Fondacioni Friedrich Ebert n\u00eb shtator 2025 hedh drit\u00eb mbi dimensionet shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb parave n\u00eb sektorin e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit. Analiza e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60242\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}