Shqip\u00ebria po p\u00ebrjeton nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl paradoksal dhe t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm t\u00eb emigracionit. Edhe pse vendi ka gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak t\u00eb rinj, ata po largohen me intensitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb vitet e fundit.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto zhvillime po krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl vicioz me r\u00ebnie t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, rritje emigrimi dhe p\u00ebrshpejtim t\u00eb r\u00ebnies s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Popullsia n\u00eb grupmosh\u00ebn 0 \u2013 29 vje\u00e7 ishte rreth 1 milion\u00eb e 365 mij\u00eb persona n\u00eb vitin 2011, por m\u00eb 2024 ishin vet\u00ebm 764 mij\u00eb persona n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grupmosh\u00eb, me tkurrje 44%.<\/p>\n
Nga viti 2015 deri n\u00eb 2020, emigracioni neto (ikjet minus ardhjet) ishte rreth -16 mij\u00eb persona n\u00eb vit, sipas INSTAT.<\/p>\n
Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb rinj. Emigracioni neto negativ u p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsua pas pandemis\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2021, emigracioni neto ishte negativ me -32,000, po kaq edhe n\u00eb 2022. N\u00eb vitin 2023 arriti n\u00eb -43,7 mij\u00eb dhe m\u00eb 2024 mbi 28,8 mij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e fundit t\u00eb Eurostat b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb ditur se n\u00eb vitin 2023 u dhan\u00eb rreth 75 mij\u00eb leje q\u00ebndrimi p\u00ebr shtetasit shqiptar\u00eb nga vendet e BE-s\u00eb. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb ishin dh\u00ebn\u00eb 79.2 mij\u00eb leje q\u00ebndrimi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto jan\u00eb nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta q\u00eb nga 2010-a, duke treguar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtim t\u00eb ritmeve t\u00eb emigracionit pas pandemis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb 2022-2023 jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb gjithsej 154 mij\u00eb leje q\u00ebndrimi p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb. Duke qen\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e t\u00eb ikurve jan\u00eb me kontrata pune, sidomos n\u00eb shtete si Gjermania, dh\u00ebnia e lejeve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e shpejt\u00eb sesa dikur, kur shtetasit shqiptar\u00eb hynin n\u00eb vendet e BE-s\u00eb pa dokumente.<\/p>\n
Grupmosha 18\u201334 vje\u00e7 p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte rreth 80% t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj shqiptar\u00eb, sipas Eurostat.<\/p>\n\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb se shkalla e emigracionit p\u00ebr frym\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb shifra absolute, por edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb aktive.<\/p>\n
Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb ku grupi i t\u00eb rinjve po tkurret me shpejt\u00ebsi dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb motivuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur.<\/p>\n
Ilir G\u00ebdeshi, profesor i cili prej vitesh studion zhvillimet demografike n\u00eb vend, thot\u00eb se n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, emigracioni n\u00eb num\u00ebr do t\u00eb ulet p\u00ebr shkak se do t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur, por n\u00eb krahasim me popullsin\u00eb e mbetur, flukset jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta.<\/p>\n
Sipas tij, pa nd\u00ebrhyrje t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme n\u00eb form\u00eb politikash gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse q\u00eb frenojn\u00eb ikjet dhe nxisin kthimet, vendi rrezikon nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb strukturore afatgjat\u00eb t\u00eb forc\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore, produktivitetit dhe sistemit t\u00eb pensioneve.<\/p>\n
Sot nuk ikin vet\u00ebm t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e papun\u00eb apo pa perspektiv\u00eb si para nj\u00eb dekade, por ikin student\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, profesionist\u00ebt e rinj t\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, IT-s\u00eb dhe zanat\u00e7inj t\u00eb kualifikuar.<\/p>\n
Pandemia intensifikoi ndjenj\u00ebn e pasiguris\u00eb dhe e b\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme pabarazin\u00eb sociale dhe munges\u00ebn e perspektiv\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, programet e BE-s\u00eb (si pun\u00ebsimi sezonal, vizat studentore, marr\u00ebveshja me Gjermanin\u00eb) kan\u00eb hapur m\u00eb shum\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme.<\/p>\n
Emigracioni lart\u00eb ka krijuar edhe efekt psikologjik. T\u00eb rinjt\u00eb ndihen t\u00eb pakt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri t\u00eb plakur e t\u00eb zbrazur dhe jan\u00eb m\u00eb motivuar p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar.<\/p>\n\n
Efektet n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb \u00e7mime<\/strong><\/p>\n Forca aktive e pun\u00ebs (pjesa q\u00eb punon ose k\u00ebrkon pun\u00eb) ka r\u00ebn\u00eb, dhe nga ana tjet\u00ebr, numri i vendeve t\u00eb lira t\u00eb pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur.<\/p>\n N\u00eb pes\u00eb vitet e fundit, bizneset raportojn\u00eb mungesa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me punonj\u00ebs n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi, nd\u00ebrtim, turiz\u00ebm, sh\u00ebrbime, tregti, etj. Bizneset raportojn\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb rekrutim, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr arsye pagash, por sepse nuk ka kandidat\u00eb.<\/p>\n Emigracioni ka krijuar nj\u00eb hendek demografik n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, q\u00eb nuk mbushet as me rritje pagash dhe as me trajnime t\u00eb shkurtra.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat zyrtare tregojn\u00eb se mbi 53% e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb bujq\u00ebsi jan\u00eb mbi mosh\u00ebn 50 vje\u00e7 dhe t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb nuk e trash\u00ebgojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn.<\/p>\n R\u00ebnia e forc\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb ulje t\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb mbjella, sidomos n\u00eb fruta-perime n\u00eb fermat familjare dhe rritje t\u00eb var\u00ebsis\u00eb nga importet ushqimore.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e INSTAT tregojn\u00eb q\u00eb deficiti tregtar n\u00eb ushqime \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 23% q\u00eb prej 2020-s. Ulja e prodhimit vendas ka krijuar mungesa relative n\u00eb treg.<\/p>\n Importet z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta. Prodhuesit vendas p\u00ebrballen me kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr punonj\u00ebsit, nd\u00ebrsa produktiviteti bie.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 2024, Shqip\u00ebria u rendit p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb mbi mesataren e BE-s\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7mimet e ushqimeve (102.4% e mesatares s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb sipas Eurostat).<\/p>\n N\u00eb 2023, \u00e7mimet e ushqimeve ishin sa 89,8% t\u00eb mesatares s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb, nga 66,8% n\u00eb 2014.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, PBB p\u00ebr frym\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri mbetet vet\u00ebm 35% e mesatares s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb. Konsumator\u00ebt paguajn\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr p\u00ebr mallra baz\u00eb (ushqim, transport, energji).<\/p>\n Studimet e FMN-s\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se emigracioni e p\u00ebrshpejton rritjen e \u00e7mimeve, sepse ul ofert\u00ebn dhe shtremb\u00ebron ekuilibrin prodhim\u2013konsum.<\/p>\n Emigracioni zvog\u00eblon ofert\u00ebn e brendshme, si n\u00eb rastin ton\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa konsumi po rritet nga vizitor\u00ebt e huaj gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00eb n\u00eb num\u00ebr.<\/p>\n K\u00ebto zhvillime kan\u00eb rritur var\u00ebsin\u00eb nga importet e kushtueshme dhe ulur konkurrenc\u00ebn lokale, pasi bizneset e mbetura dominojn\u00eb tregun.<\/p>\n Nga 2015\u20132025, indeksi i \u00e7mimeve p\u00ebr ushqimet dhe pijet joalkoolike u rrit me 67\u202f%, duke u renditur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 10-t\u00eb nd\u00ebr 40 vende europiane. Prodhuesit vendas p\u00ebrballen me kosto t\u00eb larta inputesh, teksa mungojn\u00eb subvencionet p\u00ebr bujq\u00ebsin\u00eb.<\/p>\n Kjo i detyron prodhuesit vendas t\u00eb rrisin \u00e7mimet e produkteve, duke dob\u00ebsuar konkurrenc\u00ebn e brendshme ndaj mallrave t\u00eb importuara.<\/p>\n Prodhimi bujq\u00ebsor ra me 1.1% m\u00eb 2024 nga -1.8 m\u00eb 2023.<\/p>\n N\u00eb sektorin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar 32.2% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve. T\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuara tregojn\u00eb se bujq\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb trajektore r\u00ebn\u00ebse kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb zhvillimeve negative n\u00eb fermat familjare, ku ka nj\u00eb tkurrje t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb blegtoris\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit, numri i kafsh\u00ebve p\u00ebr qum\u00ebsht dhe mish gati \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjysmuar prej falimentit t\u00eb fermave t\u00eb vogla.<\/p>\n R\u00ebnia e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb fshatra dhe plakja e saj ka b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb fermat e vogla familjare me kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb shuhen. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat arsye ka r\u00ebn\u00eb edhe prodhimi bujq\u00ebsor n\u00eb fush\u00eb.<\/p>\n Fermat familjare p\u00ebr vet\u00ebkonsum jan\u00eb n\u00eb faliment t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm nga pak\u00ebsimi dhe plakja e popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb fshat.<\/p>\n Prodhimi bujq\u00ebsor po organizohet n\u00eb form\u00eb biznesesh me serra p\u00ebr eksport. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebtij tranzicioni, tani fermer\u00ebt q\u00eb prodhonin p\u00ebr vet\u00ebkonsum jan\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb konsumator\u00eb q\u00eb nxisin rritjen e importeve t\u00eb prodhimeve bujq\u00ebsore nga jasht\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb bashkit\u00eb e vogla, pothuajse nuk ka m\u00eb tregje fshatar\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n Familjet shqiptare l\u00ebn\u00eb 39,7% t\u00eb buxhetit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr ushqime, krahasuar me mesataren europiane prej vet\u00ebm 13%.<\/p>\n\n \/Monitor.al\/<\/em><\/p>\n The post Cikli i rreziksh\u00ebm i emigracionit \u2013 T\u00eb rinjt\u00eb p\u00ebrgjysmohen, ikja e tyre dyfishohet<\/a> appeared first on GIJOTINA<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Shqip\u00ebria po p\u00ebrjeton nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl paradoksal dhe t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm t\u00eb emigracionit. Edhe pse vendi ka gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb pak t\u00eb rinj, ata po largohen me intensitet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb vitet e fundit. K\u00ebto zhvillime po krijojn\u00eb nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl vicioz me r\u00ebnie t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, rritje emigrimi dhe p\u00ebrshpejtim t\u00eb r\u00ebnies s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb. Popullsia n\u00eb grupmosh\u00ebn 0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29610"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29610\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}