Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar nga nj\u00eb zhvillim ekonomik i paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb kaotik, pas viteve \u201990. Rritja ishte e shpejt\u00eb deri n\u00eb \u201896-n, e ndikuar nga privatizimet, tregtia, hap\u00ebsirat e m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr biznes, si dhe nga konsumi i nxitur nga skemat piramidale.<\/p>\n
R\u00ebnia e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit \u00e7oi n\u00eb kriz\u00ebn e \u201897-s, me tkurrje ekonomike n\u00eb gati 12%. Rikuperimi ishte i shpejt\u00eb, nj\u00eb tipar ky q\u00eb e ka karakterizuar ekonomin\u00eb gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre dekadave, me bizneset e konsumator\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten shpejt, si n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsimit ashtu edhe hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb biznes.<\/p>\n
Ekonomia informale dhe prurjet e vazhdueshme t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve jan\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr faktor pothuajse i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm. Deri n\u00eb 2008-n, ekonomia u rrit me shpejt\u00ebsi, ku dy faktor\u00eb kryesor\u00eb q\u00eb ndikuan ishin zhvillimi i telekomunikacioneve dhe sistemit financiar, kryesisht atij bankar, me norma q\u00eb arrit\u00ebn deri n\u00eb 9% n\u00eb 2001.<\/p>\n
Pas kriz\u00ebs financiare t\u00eb 2008-s u kalua n\u00eb normalitetin e ri, ku normat e rritjes nuk ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se 3-4%, nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb kjo p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb rajonin n\u00eb zhvillim. Goditja e radh\u00ebs ishte pandemia e 2020-2021, rikuperimi pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs s\u00ebrish ishte i shpejt\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa shifrat e rritjes ekonomike kan\u00eb qen\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme, faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb e kan\u00eb nxitur at\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm<\/p>\n
Tendenca normale ishte r\u00ebnia graduale e pesh\u00ebs s\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, nga 32% e Prodhimit t\u00eb Brendsh\u00ebm Bruto (PBB) n\u00eb vitin 1995, n\u00eb 15.5% n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2024. Pavar\u00ebsisht r\u00ebnies, Shqip\u00ebria vijon t\u00eb mbetet shteti m\u00eb bujq\u00ebsor n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, me rreth 18.6% n\u00eb Vler\u00ebn e Shtuar Bruto (VSB) n\u00eb 2023-n, sipas Eurostat, teksa mesatarja e BE-s\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.8% dhe shteti i dyt\u00eb me pesh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Kosova me 9%.<\/p>\n
Kjo var\u00ebsi nga bujq\u00ebsia nuk e ka ndihmuar k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor t\u00eb jet\u00eb konkurrues, teksa nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb produkteve ushqimore sot po i sigurojm\u00eb nga importi. Nd\u00ebrtimi ka qen\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb bashk\u00ebshoq\u00ebrues i ekonomis\u00eb, me dy cikle. I pari ishte pas vitit 1999, arriti maturimin n\u00eb 2011-n dhe filloi m\u00eb pas r\u00ebnien deri n\u00eb vitin 2015. Nga viti 2017 nisi cikli i ri, i nxitur fillimisht nga nd\u00ebrtimet n\u00eb kryeqytet, e m\u00eb pas n\u00eb bregdet.<\/p>\n
Cikli i dyt\u00eb nuk ka arritur ende maturimin dhe nuk dihet se kur do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb teksa lejet e nd\u00ebrtimit, sidomos n\u00eb kryeqytet, \u00e7do vit po arrijn\u00eb nj\u00eb rekord, ku \u00e7do dit\u00eb prezantohen projekte t\u00eb reja t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesave shum\u00ebkat\u00ebshe.<\/p>\n
Shqip\u00ebria mban rekord n\u00eb Europ\u00eb p\u00ebr pesh\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb ekonomi. N\u00eb vitin 2023, ky sektor sillte 13.8% t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb shtuar bruto, sipas Eurostat, nga 5.6% q\u00eb ishte mesatarja e Bashkimit Europian.<\/p>\n
Shteti i dyt\u00eb pas Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Kosova (10.1%), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vendet e tjera t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrtimi kontribuon mesatarisht 2-7% n\u00eb ekonomi. (shiko grafikun: Pesha e nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e shtuar bruto, Europa).<\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e kryq\u00ebzuara mes rritjes s\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave (pagave), aktivitetit real t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb, kredis\u00eb n\u00eb banka, struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb bizneseve e k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs reale sugjerojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e k\u00ebtij sektori financohet nga burime informale.<\/p>\n
P.sh., q\u00eb nga viti 2014, \u00e7mimet e apartamenteve jan\u00eb rritur 10 her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se paga mesatare, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb pamundur p\u00ebr shtres\u00ebn e mesme blerjen e nj\u00eb apartamenti, q\u00eb sot kushton minimalisht 1500-2000 euro\/m\u00b2, teksa paga mesatare mujore \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 770 euro\/muaj.<\/p>\n
Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb i mungojn\u00eb dhe bizneset e m\u00ebdha, q\u00eb do t\u00eb kishin k\u00ebrkes\u00eb p\u00ebr hap\u00ebsira zyrash. Sipas INSTAT (p\u00ebr vitin 2023), vet\u00ebm rreth 1454 biznese n\u00eb vend kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 punonj\u00ebs dhe 168 m\u00eb shum\u00eb sesa 250 punonj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre jan\u00eb n\u00eb sektor\u00eb me vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, si fason, q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzon kahun e lir\u00eb t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Forcimi i ndjesh\u00ebm i Lekut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr faktor q\u00eb tregon pranin\u00eb e lart\u00eb t\u00eb parave informale.<\/p>\n
Nga fundi i 2016-s, kur filloi vala e dyt\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimeve, Euro \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvler\u00ebsuar me rreth 27% (monedha e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt u k\u00ebmbye mesatarisht me 100.7 lek\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2024, nga 137.4 lek\u00eb n\u00eb 2016).<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb, deficiti i llogaris\u00eb korente (q\u00eb mat hyrje-daljet e valut\u00ebs nga vendi) nuk ka sh\u00ebnuar p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb importeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb pothuajse nuk prodhon m\u00eb asgj\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Industria \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sektor q\u00eb historikisht ka shfryt\u00ebzuar krahun e lir\u00eb t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, apo nxjerrjen e pasurive natyrore, q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria i ka me shumic\u00eb. Sektori nuk ka arritur t\u00eb b\u00ebhet konkurrues dhe t\u00eb rris\u00eb vler\u00ebn e shtuar.<\/p>\n
Industria me material porosit\u00ebsi, q\u00eb kontribuon n\u00eb gati nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn e eksporteve, po rrezikon falimentin p\u00ebrball\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb pashmangshme t\u00eb kostos s\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore. Agrop\u00ebrpunimi nuk po i b\u00ebn ball\u00eb hapjes s\u00eb tregjeve dhe nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e sip\u00ebrmarrjeve po kthehen n\u00eb importuese apo thjesht ambalazhuese.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitin 2024, Shqip\u00ebria arriti nj\u00eb deficit tregtar rekord prej 5.7 miliard\u00eb eurosh, nd\u00ebrsa raporti i mbulimit t\u00eb importeve ishte 41.7%, m\u00eb i ul\u00ebti q\u00eb nga viti 2012. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Eurostat e rendisin Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Europ\u00eb sa i p\u00ebrket pesh\u00ebs s\u00eb industris\u00eb (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 nd\u00ebrtimit) n\u00eb ekonomi. N\u00eb vitin 2023, kjo pesh\u00eb ishte 12.6%, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb pas vet\u00ebm Malin e Zi, Malt\u00ebn, Qipron dhe Luksemburgun.<\/p>\n
Mesatarja e Bashkimit Europian \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 20%, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb, Serbi e Bosnj\u00eb-Hercegovin\u00eb, industria kontribuon n\u00eb rreth 22% t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb ekonomi e n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut, rreth 20%. (shiko grafikun: Pesha e industris\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e shtuar bruto, Europa).<\/p>\n
Aktivitetet profesionale dhe sh\u00ebrbimet mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse jan\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e shpirtit sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve. Nga m\u00eb pak se 1% e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb shtuar bruto n\u00eb 1995-n, ky sektor kontribuon sot n\u00eb 8.3% t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Profesionet e lira dhe sh\u00ebrbimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb tret\u00ebt jan\u00eb zhvilluar ndjesh\u00ebm vitet e fundit, teksa vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsimi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00ebt n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, me mbi 30%. Serbia (9.1%) dhe Shqip\u00ebria kan\u00eb pesh\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij aktiviteti n\u00eb rajon dhe t\u00eb krahasuesh\u00ebm me mesataren europiane prej 12%.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb sektor q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i aktiviteteve financiare dhe t\u00eb sigurimeve, q\u00eb duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb penguar nga niveli i lart\u00eb i informalitetit n\u00eb vend. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000, sektori financiar mori hov t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00ebrhoqi investime nga bankat e m\u00ebdha per\u00ebndimore.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre u t\u00ebrhoq\u00ebn pas kriz\u00ebs financiare t\u00eb vitit 2008. Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb sot e n\u00ebnkredituar n\u00eb raport me rajonin dhe ka p\u00ebrdorim m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve financiare, sipas FMN-s\u00eb. Sigurimet dhe alternativat e tjera financiare t\u00eb investimeve mbeten edhe m\u00eb pak t\u00eb zhvilluara.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Eurostat tregojn\u00eb se Shqip\u00ebria renditet e fundit n\u00eb Europ\u00eb p\u00ebr pesh\u00ebn e aktiviteteve financiare e t\u00eb sigurimeve n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e shtuar bruto, me vet\u00ebm 1.8%, nga 4.5% q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mesatarja e BE-s\u00eb. Kosova kryeson n\u00eb rajon me 6.4%, e ndihmuar dhe nga Trusti i Pensioneve.<\/p>\n
Investimet e Huaja Direkte arrit\u00ebn rekord, por kompanit\u00eb mungojn\u00eb<\/p>\n
Investimet e Huaja Direkte kan\u00eb qen\u00eb historikisht t\u00eb larta n\u00eb shifra, por kan\u00eb pasur pak ndikim real n\u00eb rritjen e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb shtuar t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn 2009-2021, ato u luhat\u00ebn n\u00eb rreth 1 miliard euro n\u00eb vit. Nga viti 2022, prurjet e huaja k\u00ebrcyen, duke arritur n\u00eb rekordin e 1.58 miliard\u00eb eurove n\u00eb 2024-n, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga bilanci i pagesave t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Deri n\u00eb vitin 2018, IHD-t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb larta si rrjedhoj\u00eb e investimeve n\u00eb industrin\u00eb nxjerr\u00ebse, kryesisht at\u00eb t\u00eb naft\u00ebs (Bankers Petroleum), q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shitje e pasurive bruto natyrore t\u00eb vendit. M\u00eb pas IHD-t\u00eb u zhvendos\u00ebn n\u00eb energji, teksa vendi kishte shansin q\u00eb n\u00eb tok\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohej gazsjell\u00ebsi TAP.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto investime ishin tuba q\u00eb u fut\u00ebn n\u00ebn tok\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Shqip\u00ebria ende nuk mund ta shfryt\u00ebzoj\u00eb gazin q\u00eb kalon n\u00ebn t\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs. Investime t\u00eb tjera ishin n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb hidro (Devolli, Ashta), q\u00eb sot kan\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb rritjen e prodhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb e eksporteve.<\/p>\n
Nga viti 2022, IHD-t\u00eb u mbajt\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb nga blerjet e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme nga t\u00eb huajt, s\u00ebrish nj\u00eb investim q\u00eb solli valut\u00eb, por jo vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar dhe njohuri n\u00eb ekonomi. N\u00eb vitin 2024, blerjet e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme soll\u00ebn 24% t\u00eb IHD-ve n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit kan\u00eb munguar investimet e huaja cil\u00ebsore n\u00eb ekonomi, teksa ka pak hyrje t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb huaja. Sektori q\u00eb solli m\u00eb shum\u00eb prurje \u00ebsht\u00eb industria mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebse automotive, q\u00eb u zhvendos n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri (Yura, Swisscabind, Delmon, Forschner), teksa kompanit\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn Lindore, si \u00c7eki, apo Poloni kaluan n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb automatizimi.<\/p>\n
Interes ka pasur dhe p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb, kryesisht at\u00eb t\u00eb diellit (Voltalia).<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e flukseve jan\u00eb fitime t\u00eb riinvestuara t\u00eb investitor\u00ebve ekzistues, jo hyrje t\u00eb reja. P\u00ebr vitin 2024, fitimi i riinvestuar arriti n\u00eb 853 milion\u00eb euro, ose pothuajse sa 54% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb Investimeve t\u00eb Huaja Direkte.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb vitet e fundit, fitimet e riinvestuara kan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb vler\u00eb flukset e reja t\u00eb Investimeve t\u00eb Huaja Direkte. N\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe k\u00ebto jan\u00eb rritje e kapitalit t\u00eb bankave, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e k\u00ebrkesave rregullatore t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.\/ Monitor<\/p>\n
The post Modeli ekonomik, Shqip\u00ebria kampione e Europ\u00ebs n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim<\/a> appeared first on Lapsi.al<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Shqip\u00ebria \u00ebsht\u00eb karakterizuar nga nj\u00eb zhvillim ekonomik i paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos th\u00ebn\u00eb kaotik, pas viteve \u201990. Rritja ishte e shpejt\u00eb deri n\u00eb \u201896-n, e ndikuar nga privatizimet, tregtia, hap\u00ebsirat e m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr biznes, si dhe nga konsumi i nxitur nga skemat piramidale. R\u00ebnia e k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit \u00e7oi n\u00eb kriz\u00ebn e \u201897-s, me tkurrje […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18807"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18807\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zennihost.com\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}